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81.
Environmental sustainability in manufacturing is nowadays an urgent and remarkable issue and the main concerns are related to more efficient use of materials and energy.In sheet metal forming processes there is still a lack of knowledge in this field mainly due to the need of a proper modelling of sustainability issues and factors to be taken into account. The aim of this paper is mainly to underline the state of the art from a forming point of view about the sustainability contributions offered in any phase of a product life cycle. Actually, a lack in terms of comprehensive contributions is present in the technical literature, thus, the authors try to give a sort of holistic vision aimed to provide basic guidelines in order to help in identifying the possible solutions with regard to all the phases of a forming product life cycle. The main attention was paid to sheet metal forming technologies. The paper gives an overview of the main topics concerning sheet metal forming problems related to energy and resource efficiency with the aim to stress the principal contributions which may derive from such processes to environmental performances of manufacturing. 相似文献
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83.
Manuela Anzano Alessandra Tosti Marina Lasagni Alfredo Campiglio Demetrio Pite Elena Collina 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(9):1570-1577
The aim of the research was to develop new products and processes from a manufacturing waste from an Italian metallurgic company. The company produced thin silver metallic films and the production scraps were silver flakes. The possibility to use the silver flakes in water disinfection processes was studied. The antimicrobial activity of the flakes was investigated in batch using Escherichia coli as Gram-negative microorganism model. The flakes did not show any antimicrobial activity, so they were activated with two different processes: thermal activation in reducing atmosphere and chemical activation, obtaining, respectively, reduced flakes (RF) and chemical flakes (CF). The flakes, activated with either treatment, showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli. The kill rate was dependent on the type of activated flakes. The chemical flakes were more efficient than reduced flakes. The kill rate determined for 1 g of CF, 1.0 ± 0.2 min−1, was greater than the kill rate determined for 1 g of RF, 0.069 ± 0.004 min−1. This was confirmed also by the minimum inhibitory concentration values. It was demonstrated that the antimicrobial capability was dependent on flakes amount and on the type of aqueous medium. Furthermore, the flakes maintained their properties also when used a second time. Finally, the antimicrobial activities of flakes were tested in an effluent of a wastewater treatment plant where a variety of heterotrophic bacteria were present. 相似文献
84.
诱导结晶磷回收技术处理低浓度含磷废水研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
诱导结晶技术是近年发展的新型废水处理技术。采用自设计的诱导结晶反应器,反应器形式与Phosnix相似,但结构相对简单,无Phosnix反应器的内外同心筒结构,并增加了过渡区。研究了HRT、[PO43-]、[Ca2+]/[PO43-]对诱导结晶处理低浓度含磷废水的影响规律,并以实验室双泥系统厌氧上清液为原水,考察了结晶反应器长期运行效果。研究表明,在一定范围增加HRT、[PO43-]或[Ca2+]/[PO43-]均可提高磷酸盐去除率,但超过一定数值后,再继续增加对提高磷酸盐去除效果的贡献很小,[PO43-]或[Ca2+]/[PO43-]过高还会导致均相结晶出现,使磷酸盐去除率下降;研究给出了一定条件下的最佳HRT、[PO43-]或[Ca2+]/[PO43-];运行效果试验表明,诱导结晶反应器在进水平均磷酸盐浓度仅为23.6 mg/L的情况下,磷酸盐的平均去除率仍可达到55.2%,该技术在处理低浓度含磷水方面较具应用前景。 相似文献
85.
Awoke Guadie Siqing Xi Wei Jiang Lijie Zhou Zhiqiang Zhang Slawomir W. Hermanowicz Xiaoyin Xu Shuang Shen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(4):765-774
The feasibility of struvite recovery at low (12.5 mg/L) and high (120 mg[L) phosphorus concentrations was studied by constructing a novel fluidized bed reactor with cones (FBRwc) and without cones (FBRwoc). The crystallization process was continuously operated for 133 days under different hydraulic retention times (HRT = 1-10 hr), pH (7.5-10), and molar ratios of Mg/P (0.75-1.75), N/P (1-10) and Ca/Mg (0-2). The optimum operating conditions of HRT, pH, Mg/P and N/P molar ratios were found to be 2 hr, 9, 1.25, and 7.5, respectively. Under these optimum conditions, the phosphorus precipitation efficiencies of FBRwc were 93% for low and 98% for high phosphorus influent; however, the efficiencies were 78% and 81% for FBRwoc, respectively. Due to crystal losses at each junction (17%-31%), the crystal recovery efficiency of FBRwoc was relatively low (47%-65%) for both influent concentrations. However, the losses were minimal in FBRwc, which showed 75% and 92% crystal recovery for low and high phosphorus concentrations, respectively. At low calcium concentration, crystal chemical analysis showed the product to be pure struvite (〉 99%). The scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction results further confirmed that the crystal recovered from FBRwc contained pure struvite, which could be considered a high quality fertilizer. Except HRT, all parameters (pH, Mg/P, N/P and Ca/Mg) were found to be influencing factors for FBRwc performance. Overall, inserting cones in each part of the reactor played a significant role in enhancing struvite recovery from a wide range of phosphorus-containing wastewater. 相似文献
86.
Jingyu Su Guanping Jin Changyong Li Xiaohui Zhu Yan Dou Yong Li Xin Wang Kunwei Wang Qianqian Gu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(11):2355-2361
Ni was effectively recovered from spent electroless nickel (EN) plating baths by forming a nano-nickel coated activated carbon composite. With the aid of ultrasonication, melamine- formaldehyde-tetraoxalyl-ethylenediamine chelating resins were grafted on activated carbon (MFT/AG). PdC12 sol was adsorbed on MFT/AC, which was then immersed in spent electroless nickel plating bath; then nano-nickel could be reduced by ascorbic acid to form a nano-nickel coating on the activated carbon composite (Ni/AC) in situ. The materials present were carefully examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electro- chemistry techniques. The resins were well distributed on the inside and outside surfaces of activated carbon with a size of 120 ± 30 nm in MFT/AC, and a great deal of nano-nickel particles were evenly deposited with a size of 3.8 ± 1.1 nm in Ni/MFT. Moreover, Ni/AC was successfully used as a catalyst for ultrasonic degradation of 2.6-dichloronhenol. 相似文献
87.
针对2-萘酚生产废水p H值低、色泽深,亚硫酸盐和萘磺酸盐高、COD浓度高的特点,采用酸化脱硫-两级络合萃取-氧化絮凝工艺处理,介绍了专利工艺的流程设计,给出了主要工艺设计参数及投资运行成本。工程运行结果表明,该工艺设计合理、技术成熟、处理效果稳定,2-萘酚生产废水经处理后达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级排放标准要求;回收的萘磺酸钠固体可返回2-萘酚生产系统套用;反萃取黑液经蒸发浓缩,合成的减水剂产品各项指标达到或超过GB 8076—2008《混凝土外加剂》高效减水剂指标要求。 相似文献
88.
磷回收对厌氧/好氧交替式生物滤池蓄磷/除磷的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为能提高生物除磷系统的除磷/回收磷效率,研究采用厌氧/好氧交替式生物滤池(AABF)处理低碳磷比废水,观察利用周期性扩增进水碳源进行磷回收时,生物滤池除磷效率及生物膜内微生物特性的变化.通过分析生物滤池除磷效率变化,生物膜多聚物染色、扫描电镜(SEM)观察以及荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术分析生物滤池系统实施周期性磷回收对生物膜内微生物菌群形态与组成的影响.结果发现,生物滤池在先后经历3次生物蓄磷-磷回收(PB-PR)的运行操作过程中,生物滤池除磷效率分别由磷回收前的60.3%、82.9%、86.6%提高到磷回收后的87.2%、91.2%、93.5%;生物滤池生物膜内优势菌群形态逐渐由大球菌演变为小球菌、杆菌与丝状菌;经过连续3个周期的PB-PR操作,生物滤池底部生物膜中聚磷菌所占比例由43%提高至70%;聚磷菌群在生物膜内混合菌群中的比例随着上流式生物滤池高度的增加而不断提高.结果表明,采用周期性的碳源扩增与回收磷的操作,可以提高生物滤池除磷效率;引起生物滤池生物膜内微生物菌群形态与组成发生变化,促进聚磷菌成为优势菌群. 相似文献
89.
中国矿山地质环境恢复治理激励机制探索研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目前,中国矿山地质环境恢复治理形势依然严峻,国家高度重视矿山地质环境恢复与治理工作,财政部、国土资源部不断加大矿山地质环境治理资金,但目前资金缺口仍然很大。文章通过梳理中国矿山地质环境恢复治理激励机制建设创新做法,总结各省开展矿山地质环境恢复治理"五结合"激励模式实践探索,并针对我们矿山地质环境治理目前存在的主要困难和问题提出了引入市场机制出台土地使用权,及尽快出台国家层面的鼓励政策等多方面的优惠政策等建议。 相似文献
90.